Glenohumeral
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Flexion
- Bending the joint resulting in a decrease of angle; moving
the upper arm upward to the front.
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Extension
- Straightening the joint resulting in an increase of angle;
moving the upper arm down to the rear.
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Adduction
- Medial movement toward the midline of the body; moving the
upper arm down to the side toward the body.
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Abduction
- Lateral movement away from the midline of the body; moving
the upper arm up to the side away from the body.
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Transverse Adduction
- Medial movement toward the midline of the body in a horizontal
plane; moving the upper arm toward and across the chest with
the back of the arm facing down.
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Transverse Flexion
- Medial movement toward the midline of the body in a horizontal
plane; moving the upper arm toward and across the chest with
the elbows facing out to the sides.
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Transverse Abduction
- Lateral movement away from the midline of the body in a horizontal
plane; moving the upper arm away from the chest with the elbows
facing down.
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Transverse Extension
- Lateral movement away from the midline of the body in a horizontal
plane; moving the upper arm away from the chest with the elbows
out to the sides.
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Medial Rotation (Internal Rotation)
- Rotary movement around the longitudinal axis of the bone
toward the center of the body; turning the upper arm inward.
See shoulder
internal rotation inflexibility.
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Lateral Rotation (External Rotation)
- Rotary movement around the longitudinal axis of the bone
away from the center of the body; turning the upper arm outward.
See shoulder
external rotation inflexibility.
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