Self-efficacy
People who do not exercise or exercise sporadically perceive
more barriers to exercise than those who exercise regularly.
Also, people who exercise regularly rate their confidence higher
(i.e., self-efficacy) to overcome obstacles to exercise.
Simonavice, E.M., Wiggins, M. S. (2008). Exercise barriers,
Self-efficacy, and stages of change. Perceptual and Motor Skills,
107, 3, 946.
Perceptions of self-efficacy have been consistently identified
as being determinants of exercise adherence in asymptomatic,
rehabilitative, younger, and older populations.
McAuley, E. Courneya, K.S. Rudolph, D.L. Cox, C.L. (1994).
Enhancing exercise adherence in middle-aged males and females.
Preventive Medicine, 23, 498-506.
Exercise Intensity
Exercise intensity is posited to influence affective response
to exercise via interoceptive and cognitive pathways. People
who pace themselves during an exercise prescription adhere to
the exercise prescription at a higher rate as compared to those
who pushed at higher pace than a comfort zone.
Williams, D.M. (2008). Exercise, Affect, and Adherence:
An integrated model and a case for self-paced exercise. Journal
of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 30, 5, 471.
Apparently unhealthy individuals (smokers, cardiovascular
high risk patients, overweight patients) should be informed of
the benefits of exercising at a moderate intense, a lower intensity
that is generally perceived to be necessary by this population.
Gordon, N.F. et al. (1993). Life style exercise: A new
strategy to promote physical activity for adults. Journal of
Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation, 13, 3, 161-163.
Client Centered Approach
A client-centered approach is the most important component
of a health coaching skill set. Patients can ascertain whether
you are truly attempting to understand their situation instead
of merely trying to manipulate them into change. Respecting each
patient's autonomy, drawing out ambivalence about change, evoking
change talk, and allowing the patient to develop and/or own the
treatment plan greatly improve the chances of achieving positive
clinical outcomes.
Butterworth, S.W. (2008). Influencing patient adherence
to treatment guidelines. Journal of Management Care Pharmacy,
14, 6, 21-24.
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