
Claude Bouchard, Steven
N. Blair, William L. Haskell
- 2007
US Price: $65
424 pages
9780736050920
About the Editors | Table
of Contents
Sedentary habits have been identified as a major public health
problem in many countries. The timely Physical Activity and Health
addresses an unmet need by providing a comprehensive treatment
of the relationship between physical activity and health outcomes.
Physical Activity and Health is the first textbook to bring
together the results of the most important studies in this rapidly
changing field and offers a detailed yet concise and clear presentation
of key concepts. The text provides a conceptual framework to
help readers relate results from single studies or collections
of studies to the overall paradigm linking physical activity
and physical fitness to health.
Written by Claude Bouchard and other leading scientists from
around the world, this richly illustrated textbook offers information
unmatched in accuracy and reliability. Where other books have
simply promoted physical activity for the individual or a population,
this book completely integrates and examines the relationship
between physical activity and health by
- providing a history of physical activity, including how levels
of physical activity have changed over time and how this has
affected the overall health of society;
- highlighting the differences in the effects of physical activity
on fitness across age, gender, and ethnic groups;
- describing how various systems of the human body respond
to physical activity;
- illustrating the relationship between physical activity and
health concerns such as obesity, diabetes, cancer, and mental
health;
- offering guidance for determining the proper amount and type
of exercise to be undertaken; and
- suggesting new directions for research in this growing and
changing field.
The text explains the latest advances in understanding the
effects of acute and chronic participation in physical activity
and reviews the relationships between regular physical activity
and health outcomes, including cardiovascular morbidities, mental
health, and all-cause mortality. It also focuses on the prevention
of diseases, quality of life, and well-being.
The textbook offers the following features:
- Chapter outlines that provide a user-friendly, conceptual
framework
- Key concepts, definitions, and study questions that simplify
the review process
- 179 illustrations, 54 tables, and 51 photographs that clarify
the text and emphasize key concepts
Physical Activity and Health is organized into five parts.
Part I defines the basic concepts, traces the history of the
field, and summarizes evidence accumulated on the relationship
between levels of physical activity and fitness and variations
with age, between genders, and among ethnic groups. Part II describes
the latest advances in understanding the effects of acute and
chronic participation in physical activity. Part III reviews
the relationships between regular physical activity and health
outcomesincluding cardiovascular morbidities, mental health,
and all-cause mortalityand the levels of fitness and the
same health outcomes. Part IV focuses on the how
and deals with dose-response issues and types of exercise programs.
Part V explores how advances in genetics challenge our understanding
of the complex relationships between physical activity, fitness,
and health. It offers a practical integration of all the issues
discussed in the preceding chapters.
Some of the finest scientists in the field from the United
States, Canada, Europe, and Australia collaborated on this comprehensive
resource. Readers can feel confident that they are receiving
the most accurate information currently available on physical
activity and health in any textbook.
About the Editors
Claude Bouchard, PhD, is the executive director of
the Pennington Biomedical Research Center, a campus of the Louisiana
State University System, and holds the George A. Bray Jr. chair
in nutrition. He was director of the Physical Activity Sciences
Laboratory at Laval University, Quebec City, Canada, for over
20 years. Dr. Bouchard holds a BPed from Laval University, an
MSc in exercise physiology from the University of Oregon at Eugene,
and a PhD in population genetics from the University of Texas
at Austin.
For four decades, his research has dealt with the role of
physical activity, and the lack thereof, on physiology, metabolism,
and indicators of health, taking into account genetic uniqueness.
He has performed research on the contributions of gene sequence
variation and the benefits to be expected from regular activity
in terms of changes in cardiovascular and diabetes risk factors.
Dr. Bouchard has served as program leader for four consensus
conferences and symposia pertaining to various aspects of physical
activity and health. He has published more than 850 scientific
papers and has edited four books and several monographs dealing
with physical activity and health.
Dr. Bouchard is former president of the Canadian Society for
Applied Physiology and the North American Association for the
Study of Obesity. He is president of the International Association
for the Study of Obesity (2002-2006), a fellow of the American
College of Sports Medicine (ACSM), and has been a member of the
Scientific Advisory Board of the Cooper Research Institute for
the last decade.
Steven N. Blair, PED, is the president and CEO of the
Cooper Institute and is one of the worlds most eminent
epidemiologists in the area of physical activity and health.
Dr. Blair has three honorary doctorates, a 1994 doctor honoris
causa from the Free University of Brussels; a 1996 doctor of
health science, from Lander University; and a 2002 doctor of
science honoris causa, from the University of Bristol, UK. He
also is a Benjamin Meaker Fellow at the University of Bristol.
For nearly 40 years, he has researched and done public health
work in the areas of physical activity and health. He has published
more than 350 scientific articles, including one on fitness and
mortality that has been cited over 1,100 times.
He is past president of the American College of Sports Medicine
and a fellow in many organizations. He has received numerous
honors, including the ACSM Honor Award. He was the senior scientific
editor of the Surgeon Generals Report on Physical Activity
and Health.
William Haskell, PhD, is emeritus professor of medicine
at Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford School of Medicine.
He holds an honorary MD degree from Linkoping University in Sweden.
For 40 years, his research has investigated the relationships
between physical activity and health. He has been involved at
the national and international levels in the development of physical
activity and fitness guidelines and recommendations for physical
activity in health promotion and disease prevention.
Dr. Haskell has served as principal investigator on major
NIH-funded research projects demonstrating the health benefits
of physical activity. For 11 years, he was a member of the planning
committee and faculty for the CDC-sponsored research course on
physical activity and public health. From 1968 to 1970, he was
program director for the Presidents Council on Physical
Fitness and Sports.
He is past president of the American College of Sports Medicine
and founder and past president of the American College of Sports
Medicine Foundation. He is a fellow with the Exercise and Rehabilitation
Council, American Heart Association, and American Association
of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation.
Table of Contents
Contents
Preface
Acknowledgements
Part I History and Current Status of the Study of Physical
Activity and Health
- Chapter 1 Why Study Physical Activity and Health?
Claude Bouchard, PhD; Steven N. Blair, PED; and William Haskell,
PhD
- Human Evolution, History, and Physical Activity
- Burden of Chronic Diseases
- Health and Its Determinants
- Aging and Health
- Defining Physical Activity and Physical Fitness
- Physical Inactivity Versus Physical Activity
- Summary
- Review Materials
- Chapter 2 Historical Perspectives on Physical Activity, Fitness,
and Health
Russell R. Pate, PhD
- Early Beliefs About Physical Activity and Health Scientific
Inquiry on Exercise and Health
- Evolution of Physical Activity Guidelines
- Summary
- Review Materials
- Chapter 3 Physical Activity and Fitness with Age Among Sex
and Ethnic Groups
Peter T. Katzmarzyk, PhD
- Physical Activity
- Physical Fitness
- In Closing...
- Review Materials
Part II Effects of Physical Activity on the Human Organism
- Chapter 4 Metabolic, Cardiovascular, and Respiratory Responses
to Physical Activity
Edward T. Howley, PhD
- Relationship of Energy to Physical Activity
- Oxygen Consumption and Cardiovascular and Respiratory Responses
to Exercise
- Effect of Training, Age, and Gender on Maximal Oxygen Uptake
- Application to Exercise Training and Physical Activity Interventions
- Summary
- Review Materials
- Chapter 5 Acute Response to Physical Activity and Exercise
Adrianne E. Hardman, MSc, PhD
- Lipids and Lipoproteins
- InsulinGlucose Dynamics
- Blood Pressure
- Hematological Changes
- Immune Function Responses
- Responses Related to Energy Balance
- Augmentation of Acute Effects by Training
- Summary
- Review Materials
- Chapter 6 Hormonal Response to Regular Physical Activity
Peter Farrell, PhD
- Defining Hormones
- Importance of Hormonal Regulation
- Regular Physical Activity and Hormonal Adaptations
- Summary and Conclusions
- Review Materials
- Chapter 7 Skeletal Muscle Adaptation to Regular Physical
Activity
Howard J. Green, PhD
- Skeletal Muscle and Human Life
- Muscle CellComposition, Structure, and Function
- Muscle Fiber Types and Subtypes
- Muscle Adaptation and Functional Consequences
- Aging MuscleThe Role of Training
- Summary
- Review Materials
- Chapter 8 Response of Brain, Liver, Kidney, and Other Organs
and Tissues to Regular Physical Activity
Roy J. Shephard, MB, BS, MD (London), PhD, DPE
- Acute Effects of Physical Activity
- Chronic Effects of Physical Activity
- Issues Requiring Further Research
- Summary
- Review Materials
Part III Physical Activity, Fitness, and Health
- Chapter 9 Physical Activity, Fitness, and Mortality Rates
Steven N. Blair, PED; and Michael J. LaMonte, PhD
- Physical Activity, Fitness, and Mortality
- Biological Mechanisms
- Summary and Conclusions
- Review Materials
- Chapter 10 Physical Activity, Fitness, and Cardiac, Vascular,
and Pulmonary Morbidities
Ian Janssen, PhD
- Physical Inactivity and Low Cardiorespiratory Fitness As
Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Morbidities
- Physical Inactivity and Low Cardiorespiratory Fitness As
Risk Factors for Pulmonary Morbidities
- Biological Mechanisms
- Role of Physical Activity in Patients With Cardiac, Vascular,
and Pulmonary Morbidities
- Summary
- Review Materials
- Chapter 11 Physical Activity, Fitness, and Obesity
Robert Ross, PhD; and Ian Janssen, PhD
- Definition and Problem of Overweight and Obesity
- Fat Depots
- Relationships Among Excess Weight, Physical Activity, and
Fitness
- Role of Physical Activity in Prevention and Treatment of
Excess Weight
- Summary
- Review Materials
- Chapter 12 Physical Activity, Fitness, and Diabetes Mellitus
Oscar Alcazar, PhD; Richard C. Ho, PhD; and Laurie J. Goodyear,
PhD
- Diabetes: Concept and Prevalence
- Epidemiology, Etiology, and Complications of Type 2 Diabetes
- Impact of Physical Activity on Insulin and Glucose Metabolism
- Epidemiological Evidence Indicating Benefits of Physical
Activity in Preventing Type 2 Diabetes
- Summary of Randomized Controlled Trials on the Prevention
of Type 2 Diabetes
- Importance of Regular Physical Activity for People With Type
2 Diabetes
- Summary
- Review Materials
- Chapter 13 Physical Activity, Fitness, and Cancer
I-Min Lee, MBBS, ScD
- Importance of Cancer
- How Physical Activity and Physical Fitness Decrease the Risk
of Developing Cancer
- How We Study Whether Physical Activity and Physical Fitness
Decrease the Risk of Developing Cancer
- Physical Activity, Physical Fitness, and Site-Specific Cancers
- Summary
- Review Materials
- Chapter 14 Physical Activity, Fitness, and Joint and Bone
Health
Jennifer Hootman, PhD, ATC, FACSM
- Burden of Selected Musculoskeletal Diseases in the Population
- DoseResponse Relationships Between Physical Activity
and Injury, Osteoarthritis, and Osteoporosis
- Physical Activity, Bone Development and Maintenance, and
Preservation of Function
- Challenges in Defining Exposure Data for Musculoskeletal
Outcomes
- Summary
- Review Materials
- Chapter 15 Physical Activity, Muscular Fitness, and Health
Neil McCartney, PhD; and Stuart Phillips, PhD
- History of Resistance Training and Its Role in Health
- Fundamental Aspects of Resistance Training
- Resistance Training Throughout the Life Span
- Resistance Training in Disease and Disability
- Summary and Conclusions
- Review Materials
- Chapter 16 Exercise and Its Effects on Mental Health
John S. Raglin, PhD; Gregory S. Wilson, PED; and Dan Galper,
PhD
- Models of Exercise and Mental Health Research
- Exercise and Anxiety
- Exercise and Depression
- Proposed Explanations for the Psychological Benefits of Exercise
- Detrimental Psychological Responses to Exercise
- Summary
- Review Materials
- Chapter 17 Physical Activity, Fitness, and Children
Thomas W. Rowland, MD
- Cardiovascular Health
- Bone Health and Osteoporosis
- Strategies for Promoting Physical Activity in Youth
- Conclusions
- Review Materials
- Chapter 18 Physical Activity, Fitness, and Aging
Loretta Di Pietro, PhD, MPH
- The Aging Process
- Methodological Considerations in Aging Research
- Demographics of Physical Activity Among Older Adults
- Dimensions of Physical Activity and Their Relationship to
Health and Function in Aging
- Programmatic Issues in Promoting Physical Activity in Older
Populations
- Summary
- Review Materials
- Chapter 19 Risks of Physical Activity
Evert A.L.M. Verhagen, PhD; Esther M.F. van Sluijs, PhD; and
Willem van Mechelen, MD, PhD
- Risks of Physical Activity and Sport Participation
- Minimizing Risk and Maximizing Benefits
- Recommendations for Future Research
- Summary
- Review Materials
Part IV How Much Is Required and What Are the Delivery Modes?
- Chapter 20 Dose-Response Issues in Physical Activity, Fitness,
and Health
William L. Haskell, PhD
- Principles Guiding the Bodys Response to Activity
- Components of the Physical Activity Dose
- Factors Determining Optimal Activity Dose
- Physical Activity Versus Fitness When Considering Dose for
Health Benefits
- Summary and Conclusions
- Review Materials
- Chapter 21 Physical Activity and Exercise Programs
Adrian Bauman, MB, BS, MPH, PhD, FAFPHM
- What Are Physical Activity and Exercise Programs?
- Settings for Physical Activity and Exercise Programs
- Strengths of Structured Versus Unstructured Programs
- Physical Activity and Exercise Programs for Subpopulations
and Groups
- Summary of the Effectiveness of Physical Activity Interventions
- Review Materials
Part V New Challenges and Opportunities
Chapter 22 Genetic Differences in the Relationships Among
Physical Activity, Fitness, and Health
Tuomo Rankinen, PhD; and Claude Bouchard, PhD
- Basics of Human Genetics
- Events in Human Genes and Genomes
- Genetic Variation Among Sedentary People
- Individual Differences in Response to Regular Exercise
- Genes and Responses to Exercise
- Trait-Specific Response to Exercise
- Summary and Perspective
- Review Materials
Chapter 23 An Integrated View of Physical Activity, Fitness,
and Health
William L. Haskell, PhD; Steven N. Blair, PED; and Claude Bouchard,
PhD
- Chapter Overview
- Physical Activity versus Inactivity: Universal Value Versus
Damaging Consequences
- Developing and Implementing Physical Activity Plans
- Research Questions and Issues
- Summary and Conclusions
- Review Materials
-
References
Index
About the Editors
About the Contributors
Audiences
A comprehensive textbook for undergraduate and graduate students
in kinesiology, exercise science, physical education, public
health, health promotion, preventive medicine, and human biology.
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