
American Orthopaedic Society
for Sports Medicine
- 2007
US Price: $78
344 pages
9780736065351
About the Author | Table
of Contents
With more than 200,000 athletes each year suffering noncontact
injury to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) of the knee, there
is finally an up-to-date reference for professionals whose work
involves developing and implementing programs to prevent such
injuries. Understanding and Preventing Noncontact ACL Injuries
provides an authoritative description of the biomechanical, clinical,
and injury factors pertinent to the athletesprimarily girls
and young womenwho experience this problem.
To help readers understand how to incorporate targeted interventions,
the book uses a preventive rather than strictly clinical approach
to ACL injuries. It provides a thorough description of the current
problem on an international scale, the rationale for developing
prevention programs, the discrete risk factors for noncontact
ACL injuries, and an analysis of current research data on the
effects of interventions designed to prevent these injuries.
Understanding and Preventing Noncontact ACL Injuries will
help readers:
- clearly understand the incidence, cost, and need to quantify
risk factors related to the onset of noncontact ACL injuries;
- compare various prevention programs and learn why prevention
programs should be implementedespecially among young womento
reduce the potential for injury; and
- understand the interplay between biomechanical and neuromuscular
risk factors and become aware of the role hormones, bracing,
and biofeedback play.
Understanding and Preventing Noncontact ACL Injuries is based
on proceedings from a conference conducted by the American Orthopaedic
Society for Sports Medicine and draws on the work of renowned
experts in the field. The book logically progresses through four
parts to help physicians, professionals, coaches, and other readers
better understand the problem and how they may play a part in
its prevention. Part I addresses the problem of ACL injuries,
including the incidence of injury, risk factors, and costs associated
with injuries. Part II examines injury prevention programs, their
similarities and differences, and their relative effectiveness.
Part III presents the latest information on biomechanical and
neuromuscular mechanisms of ACL injuries. Part IV explores hormonal
and anatomic risk factors and preventive bracing for ACL injuries.
To illustrate the preventive approaches that may be used,
the book contains photographs of individuals actually performing
the progressions involved in the programs. Other helpful resources
include take-home messages and clinical notes that relate scientific
findings to successful preventive efforts. By providing these
tools, the authors hope to provide an easy-to-understand reference
that appeals to a broad range of individuals, including athletic
directors, coaches, parents, and athletes who would like to learn
more about how to implement prevention programs in their schools
or other organizations.
Understanding and Preventing Noncontact ACL Injuries is a
current and unique resource that will be useful for all people
affected by this global issue. By combining scientific factors
with injury mechanisms, the book will provide readers with valuable
knowledge of ACL injuries and help readers implement programs
to prevent them.
About the Author
The American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine (AOSSM)
is a national organization of orthopaedic surgeons specializing
in sports medicine, including national and international sports
medicine leaders. The AOSSM works closely with many other sports
medicine specialists and clinicians, including family physicians,
emergency physicians, pediatricians, athletic trainers, and physical
therapists, to improve the identification, prevention, treatment,
and rehabilitation of sports injuries.
Formed in 1972 primarily as a forum for education and research,
AOSSM has increased its membership from its modest initial membership
of fewer than 100 to over 2,000. There are 67 Accreditation Council
for Graduate Medical Education approved fellowships in orthopaedic
sports medicine in the United States and Canada.
Members must demonstrate continuing active research and educational
activities in the field of sports medicine. Such activities may
include service as a team physician at any level of competition;
educating persons involved with the health of athletes; service
to local, regional, national, and international competitions;
and the presentation of scientific research papers at sports
medicine meetings. The unifying interest of the membership is
their concern with the effects of exercise and the monitoring
of its impact on active individuals of all ages, abilities, and
levels of fitness.
Table of Contents
- An Introduction to Understanding and Preventing ACL Injury
- Timothy Edwin Hewett, PhD, FACSM
- Summary
Part I. The Problem of ACL Injuries
Part Editor: Letha Y. Griffin, MD, PhD
- Chapter 1. Incidence of ACL Injury
- Stephen W. Marshall, PhD; Darin Padua, PhD, ATC; and Melanie
McGrath, MS, ATC
- Human Movement and ACL Injury
- What Is Incidence?
- What Is the Average Incidence of ACL Injury in the General
Population?
- National Ambulatory Care Surveys
- Summary
- How Does ACL Injury Incidence Vary by Age and Gender?
- How Does the Incidence of ACL Injury Vary By Sport and Gender?
- Literature Review Methods
- Abstraction of Incidence Data
- General Results
- Synthesis and Commentary
- Conclusions
- Recommendations for Future Research
- Chapter 2. Does ACL Reconstruction Prevent Articular Degeneration?
The ACL Risk Equation
- Paul H. Marks, MD; Kurt P. Droll, MD; and Michelle Cameron-Donaldson,
MD
- Meniscal Pathology
- Osteochondral Pathology
- Impaired Proprioception
- Biochemical Mediators
- Summary and Future Work
- Chapter 3. The Costs Associated With ACL Injury
- Timothy Edwin Hewett, PhD, FACSM; and Bohdanna T. Zazulak,
DPT, MS, OCS
- Who Pays for ACL Injury Prevention in the High-Risk Female
Athlete?
- Informing the High-Risk Female Athlete
- Summary
Part II. ACL Injury Prevention Programs Part Editor:
Timothy E. Hewett, PhD, FACSM
- Chapter 4. Components of Prevention Programs
- Holly J. Silvers, MPT
- Chapter 5. Theories on How Interventions May Influence ACL
Injury Rates:
- The Biomechanical Effects of Plyometric, Balance, Strength,
and Feedback Training
- Timothy Edwin Hewett, PhD, FACSM; Gregory D. Myer, MS, CSCS;
and Kevin R. Ford, MS
- Single-Component Training
- Multicomponent Training
- Effects of a Comprehensive Program Combined With Either Plyometric
or Balance Training Components
- Conclusions and Future Directions
- Chapter 6. Preventive Training Programs: Changing Strength
Ratios Versus Positions of Muscular Efficiency
- Sandra J. Shultz, PhD, ATC, CSCS
- Thigh Strength
- Hip Strength
- Core Strength
- Summary
- Chapter 7. Effect of Prevention Programs on Performance
- Christopher M. Powers, PhD, PT; Christine D. Pollard, PhD,
PT; and Susan M. Sigward, PhD, PT, ATC
- Performance Measure: Vertical Jump Height
- Performance Measures: Agility, Strength and Lunge Distance
- Performance Measures: Vertical Jump Height, Single-Leg Hop,
Speed, and Strength
- Performance Measure: Single-Limb Stability
- Performance Measures: Balance, Strength, Single-Leg Hop,
Triple Jump, and Stair Hop
- Summary
- Chapter 8. Congruence Between Existing Prevention Programs
and Research on Risk Factors and Mechanisms of Noncontact ACL
Injury
- William E. Garrett, Jr., MD, PhD; and Bing Yu, PhD
- ACL Loading Mechanisms and Risk Factors of Noncontact ACL
Injury
- Current Training Programs
- Future Training Program Development
- Chapter 9. Discussion, Summary, and Future Research Goals
- Lars Engebretsen, MD, PhD
Part III. Biomechanical and Neuromuscular Mechanisms of
ACL Injuries Part Editor: Timothy Edwin Hewett, PhD, FACSM
- Chapter 10. Biomechanics Associated with Injury: Athlete
Interviews and Review of Injury Tapes
- Tron Krosshaug and Roald Bahr, MD, PhD
- Defining Injury Mechanisms
- Describing the Inciting Event
- Research Approaches to Describe the Injury Mechanisms
- Literature Search
- Athlete Interviews
- Video Analysis
- Conclusions
- Chapter 11. Clinical Biomechanical Studies on ACL Injury
Risk Factors
- Laura J. Huston, MS
- Background
- Kinematic and Kinetic Differences
- Jump Landings
- Sidestep and Cutting Maneuvers
- Muscular Differences
- Altered Muscle Activation Patterns
- Conclusions
- Chapter 12. Effects of Neuromuscular Training on Lower Extremity
Motion Patterns
- Bing Yu, PhD; and Marlene DeMaio, MD
- Combined Training Programs Including Plyometrics
- Chapter 13. Sport-Specific Injury Mechanisms Associated With
Pivoting, Cutting, and Landing
- Mary Lloyd Ireland, MD
- Gender Comparisons
- Definitions of Mechanism of Injury
- Soccer
- Team Handball
- Basketball
- Gender Differences
- Conclusions
- Chapter 14. Effects of Muscle Firing on Neuromuscular Control
and ACL Injury
- Timothy Edwin Hewett, PhD, FACSM; Bohdanna T. Zazulak, DPT,
MS, OCS; and Gregory D. Myer, MS, CSCS
- Introduction
- Differences in EMG Activation Levels Between Males And Females
- Summary and Conclusions
- Chapter 15. Etiology and Mechanisms of ACL Injury in Alpine
Skiing
- Bruce D. Beynnon, PhD; Carl F. Ettlinger, MSME; and Robert
J. Johnson, MD
- The Epidemiology of Alpine Skiing Injuries
- ACL Injury Mechanisms Associated With Alpine Skiing
- Summary
- Chapter 16. Noncontact ACL Injuries in Dance and Skating
- Carol D. Teitz, MD
- Muscular Control
- Shoe-Surface Interface
- Center Of Gravity and Proprioception
- Choreography
- Miscellaneous
- What About Gymnasts?
- Summary
- Chapter 17. The Role of Biofeedback in Preventing Noncontact
ACL Injuries
- Julie R. Steele, PhD; Bridget J. Munro, PhD
- The Role of Biofeedback in ACL Injury Prevention
- Biofeedback, Neuromuscular Activity and ACL Injury Prevention
- Biofeedback, Knee Joint Motion and ACL Injury Prevention
- The Role of Biofeedback in Preventing ACL Reinjury
- Future Directions for Biofeedback and ACL Injury Prevention
Part IV. Hormonal and Anatomic Risk Factors and Preventive
Bracing for ACL Injuries Part Editor: Sandra J. Shultz, PhD,
ATC, CSCS
- Chapter 18. Ligament Biology and Its Relationship to Injury
Forces
- James R. Slauterbeck, MD; John R. Hickox, MS; and Daniel
M. Hardy, PhD
- Relationships Among ACL Injury Factors
- Effects of Tissue Remodeling
- Sex, Hormones, and ACL Injury
- Chapter 19. Hormonal Influences on Ligament Biology
- Sandra J. Shultz, PhD, ATC, CSCS
- Sex Hormone Profiles: Not all Menstrual Cycles Are Created
Equal
- Sex Hormones Effects on Collagen Structure and Metabolism
- Sex Hormones and Knee Joint Laxity and Stiffness
- Menstrual Cycle and ACL Injury
- Summary
- Birth Control Hormones, Ligament Biology and ACL Injury
- Summary
- Chapter 20. Anatomical Factors in ACL Injury Risk
- Sandra J. Shultz, PhD, ATC, CSCS; Anh-Dung Nguyen, MS Ed,
ATC; and Bruce D. Beynnon, PhD
- Notch Size and Width
- Generalized Joint Laxity
- Anterior Knee Laxity
- Anatomical Alignment
- Conclusions
- Chapter 21. Intrinsic and Extrinsic Forces Associated With
ACL Injury: Can Functional Bracing Reduce the Risk of ACL Injury?
- Bruce D. Beynnon, PhD; and James R. Slauterbeck, MD
- The Biomechanics of Knee Bracing
- The Effectiveness of Braces in Preventing ACL, ACL Graft,
and ACL-Deficient Knee Injuries
- Conclusion
- References
Index About the Editors
Audiences
A reference for sports medicine physicians, physical therapists,
athletic trainers, chiropractors, physiatrists, and coaches.
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