Toe Articulations

Flexion

Bending the joint resulting in a decrease of angle; moving the base of the toes toward the sole of the foot at the ball of the forefoot.

• Flexor digitorum brevis
• Lumbricales
• Interossei
• Flexor hallucis brevis
• Flexor digitorum brevis
• Flexor hallucis longus
• Flexor digiti minimi brevis
• Flexor digitorum longus
• Quadratus plantae

Extension / Hyperextension

Straightening the joint resulting in an increase of angle; moving the base of the toes toward the top of the foot at the ball of the forefoot.

• Extensor hallucis longus
• Extensor digitorum
• Extensor digitorum brevis

Abduction

Lateral movement away from the axial line; movement of the toes away from the second toe.

• Abductor hallucis
• Abductor digiti minimi
• Dorsal interossei

Adduction

Medial movement toward the axial line; movement of the toes toward the second toe.

• Adductor hallucis
• Plantar interossei

Flexion

Bending the joint resulting in a decrease of angle; curling toes toward sole of foot.

• Flexor hallucis longus
• Flexor digitorum longus
• Flexor digitorum brevis
• Quadratus plantae

Extension

Straightening the joint resulting in an increase of angle; straightening toes.

• Extensor hallucis longus
• Extensor digitorum longus
• Extensor digitorum brevis