Neck | Shoulder | Elbow | Forearm | Wrist | Trunk | Hip | Knee | Ankle
Neck / Cervical Spine
- Flexion / Extension
- Lateral Flexion
- Accumulative Average
- Men: 90º-106º
- Women: 100º-116º
- Lateral Flexion
- 45º
- Accumulative Average
- Rotation
- Accumulative Average
- Men: 161º-181º
- Women: 178º-198º
- Rotation
- 60º-80º
- Accumulative Average
Shoulder
- Flexion / Extension
- Accumulative Average
- Men: 224º-242º
- Women: 243º-261º
- Flexion
- 150º-180º
- 90º-120º (ACSM)
- Elbow flexion (full) decreases ROM
- Introduces Passive Insufficiency of Triceps, Long Head
- Extension
- 50º-60º
- 20º-30º (ACSM)
- Possibly without anterior tipping of scapula?
- Elbow Flexion increases ROM
- Removes Passive Insufficiency of Biceps (particularly short head)
- Accumulative Average
- Adduction / Abduction
- Externally Rotated Shoulder, Accumulative Average
- Men: 172º-186º
- Women: 181º-195º
- Adduction
- 0º
- Abduction
- Externally Rotated Shoulder: 180º
- Elbow Flexion (full) decreases ROM
- Introduces Passive Insufficiency of Triceps, Long Head
- Elbow Flexion (full) decreases ROM
- Internally Rotated Shoulder: 80º-100º (ACSM)
- Externally Rotated Shoulder: 180º
- Externally Rotated Shoulder, Accumulative Average
- Transverse Adduction/ Abduction
- Transverse Adduction
- 90º-135º (ACSM)
- Transverse Abduction
- 30º-45º (ACSM)
- Upper arm exactly 90º of torso
- Elbow should not drop below shoulder height
- Scapula Retraction involved
- Seemingly less ROM with strict Transverse Abduction
- Elbow Extension (full) decreases ROM somewhat
- Introduces Passive Insufficiency of Biceps Brachii (particularly short head)
- Transverse Adduction
- Rotation
- Accumulative Average
- Men: 172º-192º
- Women: 207º-227º
- Internal Rotation
- 70-90º
- 70-90º (ACSM)
- External Rotation
- 90º
- 70º-90º (ACSM)
- Accumulative Average
Elbow
- Flexion / Extension
- Accumulative Average
- Men: 144º-156º
- Women: 144º-156
- Flexion
- 140º-150º
- 135º-160º (ACSM)
- Shoulder Flexion (full) decreases ROM
- Introduces Passive Insufficiency of Triceps, Long Head
- Extension
- 0º
- Accumulative Average
Forearm
- Supination / Pronation
- Accumulative Average
- Men: 171º-191º
- Women: 180º-200º
- Supination
- 80º
- Pronation
- 80º
- Accumulative Average
Wrist
- Flexion / Extension
- Accumulative Average
- Men: 132-152º
- Women: 156-176º
- Flexion
- 60-80º
- Elbow Extension (full) decreases ROM somewhat.
- Introduces Passive Insufficiency of 4 of 8 heads (1-4) of Wrist Extensors
- Extension
- 60º-70º
- Accumulative Average
- Ulnar / Radial Deviation
- Accumulative Average
- Men: 78º-94º
- Women: 89º-101º
- Ulnar Deviation
- 30º
- Radial Deviation
- 20º
- Accumulative Average
Trunk / Thoracic - Lumar Spine
- Flexion / Extension
- Lateral Flexion
- Accumulative Average
- Men: 9º0-106º
- Women: 120º-136º
- Lateral Flexion
- 25º-35º
- 10º-35º (ACSM)
- Accumulative Average
- Rotation
- Accumulative Average
- Men: 127º-147º
- Women: 153º-173º
- Rotation
- 30º-45º
- 20-40 (ACSM)
- Accumulative Average
Hip
- Flexion / Extension
- Accumulative Average
- Men: 32º-88º
- Women: 100º-120º
- Flexion
- 100º-120º
- 90º-135º (ACSM)
- Tested with knee flexed
- Knee Extension decreases ROM
- Introduces Passive Insufficiency of Hamstrings (3 of 4 heads)
- Ankle Dorsiflexion further decreases ROM
- Stretched gastrocnemius pulls the hamstrings behind the knee
- Also see Sit & Reach Box?
- Extension
- 30º
- 10º-30º
- Knee Flexed (full) decreases ROM
- Introduces Passive Insuffficiency of Rectus Femoris
- Accumulative Average
- Adduction / Abduction
- Internal / External Rotation
- Accumulative Average
- Men: 79º-99º
- Women: 110º-130º
- Internal Rotation
- 40º-45º
- 30º-45º (ACSM)
- External Rotation
- 45º-50º
- 45º-60º
- Accumulative Average
Knee
- Flexion / Extension
- Accumulative Average
- Men: 134º-146º
- Women: 145º-157º
- Flexion
- 135º-150º
- 130º-140º (ACSM)
- Tested with hip flexed
- Hip Extension (full) decreases ROM
- Introduces Passive Insuffficiency of Rectus Femoris
- Extension
- 0º-10º
- 5º-10º (ACSM)
- Ankle Dorsiflexion (full) decreases ROM
- Introduces Passive Insuffficiency of Gastrocnemius
- Also see how Hip Position Effects Plantar Flexion.
- Accumulative Average
Ankle / Subtalar
- Plantar Flexion/Dorsiflexion
- Accumulative Average
- Men: 59º-71º
- Women: 67º-79º
- Plantar Flexion
- 40º-50º
- 30º-50º (ACSM)
- Dorsiflexion
- 20º
- 15º-20º (ACSM)
- Knee Flexion increases ROM
- Removes Passive Insufficiency of Gastrocnemius
- Combination of Hip Flexion and Knee Extension (full) decreases ROM
- Stretched hamstrings pulls gastrocnemius the behind the knee
- Also see how Hip Position Effects Plantar Flexion.
- Accumulative Average
- Inversion/Eversion
Non-cumulative movements are measured from anatomical position.
References
ACSM (2013). Health-Related Physical Fitness Testing and Interpretation, ACSM Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription, 9th ed. Lippincott, Williams, and Wilkins, 105.
Hoffman J (2006). Norms for Fitness Performance, and Health, pg 98-99.